 หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Relative Influence of Tillage, Fertilizer, and Weed Management on Weed Associations in Wheat Cropping Systems of Ethiopian Highlands) ผู้เขียน: Kassahun Zewdie, รังสิต สุวรรณเขตนิคม สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractField experiment was conducted at Ambo Plant Protection Research Center of western Ethiopia during 2002 and 2003 to determine the combined effects of tillage, fertilizer and weed management on weed population dynamics in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) field. The results indicated that tillage, fertilizer and weed management systems had a significant effect on weed population dynamics. The total amount of weed density tended to increase in no tillage than conventional tillage or moldboard plow in both years. The magnitude change was ranged from two to four folds when comparing densities in no tillage with others. Among the dominant weeds Polygonum nepalense, Sonchus arvensis, Galinsoga parviflora, Plantago lanceolata, Setaria spp., Echinocloa colona. and Phalaris paradoxa, were significantly reduced in density by moldboard plowing relative to other tillage systems. Tillage had a significant effect on yield in both 2002 and 2003 cropping season. Tank mixture of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and fluroxypyr +MCPA resulted in a significant reduction of total weed number and increased wheat yield by 40% followed by hand weeding twice. Application of fertilizer increased total broad leaf and grass weed biomass significantly. Fertilizer is more important than tillage in affecting yields and yield components. It improved grain yield up to 48% over the untreated control in both years. Weeding without fertilizer did not affect grain yield. Weeding and fertilizer significantly increased grain yield. The interactions between tillage and fertilizer for total broad leaf weed biomass, grass and broad leaf weed densities were significant. Fertilizer and weed management interaction affects total broad leaf weed density. As far as plant height, grain yield and 1000-kernel weight of wheat are concerned tillage by fertilizer interaction was significant. |
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หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Influence of Tillage, Fertilizer, and Weed Management on Weed Seed Bank at Various Soil Depth of Wheat Production Field In Ethiopia) ผู้เขียน:Kassahun Zewdie, รังสิต สุวรรณเขตนิคม,  ดร.สมบัติ ชิณะวงศ์, รองศาสตราจารย์ , นายชัยฤกษ์ สุวรรณรัตน์, ผู้ช่วยศาสตราจารย์ , นางสุนันทา จันทกูล, ผู้ช่วยศาสตราจารย์, ดร.วิจารณ์ วิชชุกิจ, รองศาสตราจารย์ สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractScreen house experiments were conducted on two soil types at two locations of central highlands of Ethiopia during 2002 / 2003 to determine the combined effects of tillage, fertilizer, and weed management on weed seed bank at various soil depths in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) field. Among the dominant weeds identified in the soil seed bank and in the field, 89 % of the majority of the weeds were annuals and 11% of them were perennials and biennials. From the total weed species, only few were the most dominant species including Polygonum nepalense, Galinsoga parviflora, Plantago lanceolata, Gnaplium unions, Sonchus arvensis, Spergula arvensis, Anagalis arvensis, Commelina benghlensis, Corrigiola capensis from broad leaf weed species and Setaria spp., Bromus pectinatus, Snowdenia polystachya and Phalaris paradoxa from grass weed species. The results revealed that tillage, fertilizer and weed management systems had significant effects on weed seed bank. The weed seed bank distribution and seed bank size differed among tillage treatments. The total amount of weed density tended to increase more in no tillage than conventional tillage or moldboard plow at both locations. The highest number of seed density in 0-30 cm depth of soil was found in the Kuyu black soil followed by Holetta red soil. In the NT system a large amount of weed seed was found in the depth of 0-10 cm followed by CvT and MP. The densities of broad leaf and grass weed seed were higher in NT than in CvT or MP at both locations. The highest percentages of weed seed reduction across locations were recorded 80 and 62% on MP and CvT or NT respectively. Tank mixture of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and fluroxypyr +MCPA resulted in a significant reduction ranged from 70 to 80% of total weed number followed by hand weeding twice at all locations. The interactions between tillage and soil depth and between soil depth and weed management were species specific. Significant interactions were resulted from Spergula arvensis,, Corrigiola capensis, Polygonum nepalance and Galinsoga prviflora weed seed bank size. More than 60% of broad leaf and grass weeds were suppressed by tillage. Weed management was more important than tillage in affecting the weed seed bank size. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Weed Population Dynamics as Influenced by Tillage, Fertilizer and Weed Management in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cropping Systems of Central Ethiopia) ผู้เขียน:Kassahun Zewdie, รังสิต สุวรรณเขตนิคม, ดร.สมบัติ ชิณะวงศ์, รองศาสตราจารย์, นายชัยฤกษ์ สุวรรณรัตน์, ผู้ช่วยศาสตราจารย์, นางสุนันทา จันทกูล, ผู้ช่วยศาสตราจารย์, ดร.วิจารณ์ วิชชุกิจ, รองศาสตราจารย์ สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractField experiments were conducted at Holetta, central highlands of Ethiopia during 2002 and 2003 to determine the combined effects of tillage, fertilizer and weed management on weed population dynamics in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) field. The results indicated that tillage, fertilizer and weed management systems had a significant effect on weed population dynamics. The total amount of weed density tended to increase in no tillage than conventional tillage or moldboard plow in both years. The magnitude change ranged from two to four folds when comparing densities in no tillage with the others. Among the dominant weeds, Polygonum nepalense, Galinsoga parviflora, Plantago lanceolata, Ganaplium unions, Spergula arvensis, Setaria pumila, Bromus pectinatus, Echinocloa colona, Snowdenia polystachya and Phalaris paradoxa, were significantly reduced in density (P<0.05) by moldboard plowing relative to other tillage systems. Tillage did not influence yield in both years. Tank mixture of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and fluroxypyr +MCPA resulted in a significant reduction of total weed number and increased wheat yield by 30% followed by hand weeding twice in both years. Applications of fertilizer increased total broad leaf and grass weed biomasses. Fertilizer is more important than tillage in affecting yields and yield components. It improved grain yield up to 40% over the untreated control plots in both years. Weeding without fertilizer did not affect grain yield. Weeding and fertilizer significantly increased grain yield in both years. The interactions between tillage and fertilizer, between tillage and weed management and between fertilizer and weed management for total weed densiies, weed biomasses, plant heights, straw yields and grain yields were significant. |